A matrix is a rectangular array of numbers that are arranged in rows and columns. Use matrices to store numbers and perform calculations on those numbers using matrix algebra.
Note the following for this section:
• Matrices are represented with an uppercase bold variable (for example, A).
• A matrix with one row or one column is a vector (or more specifically, a row vector or a column vector respectively).
• For clarity, we represent matrices that are vectors with lowercase bold letters (such as x).
• A scalar is a numeric value that is not in a matrix.