Stress

The following notation is used to define Stress:

• i, j - indexes for the number of objects

• dij - the derived distance between objects i and j

δij - the observed relative distance between objects i and j

• f(δrs) - transformation function for the distance

The Stress function is given as follows:

This measure of stress is also known as Kruskal’s Stress, Type I, or simply Stress1.