State Space Smoothing Report
Each State Space Smoothing report in the Time Series platform has a unique outline name that identifies the model. Each model is added to the Model Comparison table. If you select the Report check box for a model in the Model Comparison table, a State Space Smoothing report appears. The following reports are included:
Model Type
Describes the selected model for the series in terms of error, trend, and seasonality.
Model Summary
Contains fit statistics for the model. In the formulas below, n is the length of the series and k is the number of fitted parameters in the model.
–2LogLikelihood
Twice the negative log-likelihood function evaluated at the best-fit parameter estimates. Smaller values are better fits. See “Likelihood, AICc, and BIC” in Fitting Linear Models.
AIC
The Akaike’s Information Criterion (AIC) value, computed as −2loglikelihood + 2k. Smaller AIC values indicate better fit.
BIC
The Schwarz’s Bayesian Criterion (SBC) value, computed as −2loglikelihood + k*ln(n). Smaller SBC values indicate better fit. Schwarz’s Bayesian Criterion is equivalent to the Bayesian Information Criterion (BIC).
Nparm
The number of parameters in the calculation of the information criteria. This number is the number of parameters in the likelihood function, which is the same as the number of parameters in the forecast formula plus one.
Note: Nparm is not the number of parameters in the parameter estimates table.
Sigma
The estimate of the one-step-ahead forecast standard deviation.
RSquare
The R-Square value, computed as follows:
where
are the one-step-ahead forecasts
is the mean
If the model does not fit the series well, the model error sum of squares, SSE, might be larger than the total sum of squares, SST. As a result, R2 can be negative.
RSquare Adj
The adjusted R2 value, computed as follows:
MAPE
The Mean Absolute Percentage Error value, computed as follows:
where
are the one-step-ahead forecasts
MAE
The Mean Absolute Error value, computed as follows:
where
are the one-step-ahead forecasts
Parameter Estimates
A table that shows the estimate, standard error, and 95% confidence interval for each parameter in the model.
Forecast
A plot that shows both the observed and predicted values for the time series. See Forecast.
One-Step-Ahead Forecasting Errors
A plot of the one-step-ahead forecasting errors over time. For each time point t, the error is calculated as the observed value of the time series at t minus the one-step-ahead predicted value at t. If a holdback set is specified, the errors are computed only for the training data. The autocorrelation and partial autocorrelation reports for these errors are also shown.
Forecasting Errors on Holdback Series
(Available only if a holdback set is specified.) A plot of the forecasting errors on the observations in the holdback set. The autocorrelation and partial autocorrelation reports for these errors are also shown.
Component States
A report that contains a plot for each state of the model and the corresponding formula for the model. Each plot includes the state estimates of the series and the state forecasts. If a holdback set is specified, the state estimates are for the training portion and the state forecasts are for the holdback portion. If a holdback set is not specified, the state estimates are for the portion up to the last observation of the time series and the state forecasts are for after the last observation of the time series. A model can have up to three states: Level, Trend, and Seasonal.
The Component States red triangle menu has a Save States option. Select this option to save the component states at each time point to a separate data table.
One-Step-Ahead Relative Forecasting Errors for Multiplicative Error Model
(Available only for multiplicative error models.) A plot of the one-step-ahead relative forecasting errors over time. For each time point t, the error is calculated as the one-step-ahead-forecasting error at t divided by the one-step-ahead predicted value at t.
State Space Smoothing Report Options
Each state space smoothing report has a red triangle menu that contains the following options:
Show Points
Shows or hides the data points in the forecast graph.
Show Prediction Interval
Shows or hides the prediction intervals in the forecast graph.
Save Columns
Creates a new data table that contains columns that represent the results of the model.
Remove Fit
Removes the individual model fit from the report.