And(a, b)
a&b
Description
The logical And.
Returns
1 (true) if both a and b are true.
0 (false) if either a or b is false or if both a and b are false.
Missing if either a or b is a missing value or if both a and b are missing values.
Arguments
Two or more variables or expressions.
Notes
More than two arguments can be strung together. a&b returns 1 (true) only if all arguments evaluate to true.
AndMZ(a, b)
a:&b
Description
Returns the logical AND of all arguments. Missing values are treated as zeroes.
Returns
1 (true) if both a and b are true.
0 (false) if either a or b is false or if both a and b are false.
0 (false) if either a or b is a missing value or if both a and b are missing values.
Arguments
Two or more variables or expressions.
Notes
More than two arguments can be strung together. a:&b returns 1 (true) only if all arguments evaluate to true.
Break()
Description
Stops execution of a loop completely and continues to the statement following the loop.
Notes
Break() works with For and While loops and also with For Each Row.
See Also
Break in the Scripting Guide
Choose(expr, r1, r2, r3, ..., resultElse)
Description
Evaluates expr. If the value of expr is 1, r1 is returned; if 2, the value of r2 is returned, and so on. If no matches are found, the last argument (resultElse) is returned.
Returns
The value whose index in the list of arguments matches expr, or the value of the last argument.
Arguments
expr
An expression or a value.
r1, r2, r3, ...
An expression or a value.
resultElse
The argument that is returned when no matches are found.
See Also
Choose Function in the Scripting Guide
Continue()
Description
Ends the current iteration of a loop and begins the loop at the next iteration.
Notes
Continue() works with For and While loops, and also with For Each Row.
See Also
Continue in the Scripting Guide
Filter Each(names, container, locals, body)
Description
Iterates over a container, which can be a list, an associative array, or a matrix, and returns a subset of the values in the container based on the evaluation of a Boolean expression at each iteration. The value, key, or element, as well as the index number, are all available at each iteration.
– For associative array containers, the key and value can be accessed using a two-item list.
– For matrix containers, a linear index is provided by default, but a two-item list can be used to access the row and column indices.
These symbols are provided within the body of the loop only. A list of local variables can also be provided. If local variables are defined, they are initialized after the first iteration symbols are set.
Returns
A subset from the original container. The return object has the same type as the original container.
Arguments
names
Specification of loop control variable names, specified as a list. The form of the list is determined by the type of container. All of the names are optional, so you need to specify them only if you need to refer to them in the locals or body arguments. If you do not specify any names, the first argument should be an empty list, which can be specified as {} or List().
For a list container, the names list contains a name for each value in the list and a name for the index of each value in the list.
For an associative array container, the names list contains a two-item list of names and a name for the index of each item in the associative array.
For a matrix container, the names list contains a name for each element in the matrix and a second argument for the index of each element in the matrix. The second argument can be specified as a single name or as a two-item list of names that represent symbols for the row and column indices.
When specifying multiple containers using the Across() keyword, the names list contains a list of names that refer to values in each container. The number of names in the first item in the names list must match the number of containers specified in the Across() keyword.
container
A list, associative array, or a matrix. The container can be defined in the argument or it can be a reference to a previously defined object.
This argument can also use the Across() keyword, which enables you to use the function across multiple containers. The multiple containers can be specified as separate arguments or as items in a list. The Across() keyword has an optional Count() argument that enables you to specify how containers of different sizes are handled. The available Count() options are: "Shortest", "Longest", "Enforce Equal", and N, where N is a number. If you specify a number, the function iterates through all containers exactly N times; note that the function loops back to the start of containers that have fewer than N items.
locals
A list of variables that are local to the function. This is equivalent to other Local variable initializations in JSL. The initialization of the local variables occurs after the first loop control variables have been set, but the local variables do not get initialized again after that.
body
Any number of valid JSL expressions, glued together if there are more than one. The result of the JSL expressions should be a Boolean value. If the result of the expression is true, the container value at the current iteration is included in the result; otherwise, the container value at the current iteration is not included in the result. You can use the Continue() function as an equivalent way to return false and skip to the next iteration. You can also use Break() function to stop iteration through the loop and proceed to the next expression that follows the loop. See Break and Continue Functions in the Scripting Guide.
Example
values = Filter Each( {x}, {10, 20, 30}, x > 15 );
Show( values );
values = {20, 30};
For(init, while, increment, body)
Description
Repeats the statement(s) in the body as long as the while condition is true. init and increment control iterations.
Returns
Null.
Arguments
init
Initialization of loop control counter.
while
Condition for loop to continue or end. As long as the conditional statement while is true, the loop is iterated one more time. As soon as while is false, the loop is exited.
increment
Increments (or decrements) the loop counter after while is evaluated every time the loop is executed.
body
Any number of valid JSL expressions, glued together if there are more than one.
Example
mysum = 0; myprod = 1;
For( i = 1, i <= 10, i++, mysum += i; myprod *= i; );
Show( mysum, myprod );
mysum = 55;
myprod = 3628800;
See Also
For Function in the Scripting Guide
For Each(names, container, locals, body)
Description
Iterates over a container, which can be a list, an associative array, or a matrix, and provides the value, key, or element at each iteration. The index number is also available at each iteration. For associative array containers, the key and value can be accessed using a two-item list. For matrix containers, a linear index is provided by default, but a two-item list can be used to access the row and column indices. These symbols are provided within the body of the loop only. A list of local variables can also be provided. If local variables are defined, they are initialized after the first iteration symbols are set.
Arguments
names
Specification of loop control variable names, specified as a list. The form of the list is determined by the type of container. All of the names are optional, so you need to specify them only if you need to refer to them in the locals or body arguments. If you do not specify any names, the first argument should be an empty list, which can be specified as {} or List().
For a list container, the names list contains a name for each value in the list and a name for the index of each value in the list.
For an associative array container, the names list contains a two-item list of names and a name for the index of each item in the associative array.
For a matrix container, the names list contains a name for each element in the matrix and a second argument for the index of each element in the matrix. The second argument can be specified as a single name or as a two-item list of names that represent symbols for the row and column indices.
When specifying multiple containers using the Across() keyword, the names list contains a list of names that refer to values in each container. The number of names in the first item in the names list must match the number of containers specified in the Across() keyword.
container
A list, associative array, or a matrix. The container can be defined in the argument or it can be a reference to a previously defined object.
This argument can also use the Across() keyword, which enables you to use the function across multiple containers. The multiple containers can be specified as separate arguments or as items in a list. The Across() keyword has an optional Count() argument that enables you to specify how containers of different sizes are handled. The available Count() options are: "Shortest", "Longest", "Enforce Equal", and N, where N is a number. If you specify a number, the function iterates through all containers exactly N times; note that the function loops back to the start of containers that have fewer than N items.
locals
A list of variables that are local to the function. This is equivalent to other Local variable initializations in JSL. The initialization of the local variables occurs after the first loop control variables have been set, but the local variables do not get initialized again after that.
body
Any number of valid JSL expressions, glued together if there are more than one. You can use the Continue() function to skip to the next iteration. You can also use Break() function to stop iteration through the loop and proceed to the next expression that follows the loop. See Break and Continue Functions in the Scripting Guide.
Example
For Each( {value, index}, {10, 20, 30}, Show( value, index ) );
value = 10;
index = 1;
value = 20;
index = 2;
value = 30;
index = 3;
For Each Row(<dt>, script)
Description
Repeats the script on each row of the data table.
Returns
Null.
Required Argument
script
Any valid JSL expressions.
Optional Argument
dt
Positional argument that is a reference to a data table. If this argument is not in the form of an assignment, then it is considered a data table expression.
Example
The following example creates data table references and then iterates over each row in Big Class.jmp. If the value of age in a row is greater than 15, the age is printed to the log.
dt = Open( "$SAMPLE_DATA/Big Class.jmp" );
For Each Row( dt, If( :age > 15, Show( :age ) ) );
See Also
If Function in the Scripting Guide
If(condition1, result1, <condition2, result2>, ..., <elseResult>)
Description
Evaluates the first of each pair of arguments and returns the evaluation of the result expression associated with the first condition argument that evaluates to a nonzero result. The condition arguments are evaluated in order. If all of the condition arguments evaluate to zero, the optional elseResult is evaluated and the result is returned. If no elseResult is specified, and none of the conditions are true, a missing value is returned. If all of the condition arguments evaluate to missing, a missing value is returned.
See Also
If Function in the Scripting Guide
IfMax(expr1, result1, expr2, result2, ... <all missing results>)
Description
Evaluates the first of each pair of arguments and returns the evaluation of the result expression (the second of each pair) associated with the maximum of the expressions. If more than one expression is the maximum, the first maximum is returned. If all expressions are missing and a final result is not specified, missing is returned. If all expressions are missing and a final result is specified, that final result is returned. The test expressions must evaluate to numeric values, but the result expressions can be anything.
Returns
The result expression associated with the maximum of the expressions
IfMin(expr1, result1, expr2, result2, ... <all missing results>)
Description
Evaluates the first of each pair of arguments and returns the evaluation of the result expression (the second of each pair) associated with the minimum of the expressions. If more than one expression is the minimum, the first minimum is returned. If all expressions are missing and a final result is not specified, missing is returned. If all expressions are missing and a final result is specified, that final result is returned. The test expressions must evaluate to numeric values, but the result expressions can be anything.
Returns
The result expression associated with the minimum of the expressions
IfMZ(condition1, result1, <condition2, result2>, ..., <elseResult>)
Description
Evaluates the first of each pair of arguments and returns the evaluation of the result expression associated with the condition1 argument that evaluates to a nonzero result. The condition arguments are evaluated in order. If all of the condition arguments evaluate to zero or missing, the optional elseResult is evaluated and the result is returned. If no elseResult is specified, and none of the conditions are true, a missing value is returned.
Notes
The test arguments are evaluated in order until the first nonzero result. If all test results return zero or missing, the elseExpr argument is evaluated.
IfMZ() is equivalent to If() where missing values for evaluated condition arguments are treated as zero.
Interpolate(x|xmatrix|xlist, x1, y1, x2, y2, ...)
Interpolate(x|xmatrix|xlist, xmatrix, ymatrix)
Interpolate({x, y}, xvector, yvector, zmatrix)
Description
Performs linear interpolation for continuous data. There are many ways to specify the function.
In the simplest cases where the first argument is a single numeric value, the y value corresponding to a given x value between two sets of points or by matrices xmatrix and ymatrix. The x values, (x1, x2, ...) or xmatrix, must be in ascending order.
If the first argument is a matrix or list of numeric values, the resulting matrix or list is a set of interpolated values.
You can perform bilinear interpolation using the four-argument case. Here, the first argument is a list of two points, the second and third arguments are vectors that define the grid of x and y values, and the fourth argument is a matrix of data points. The function then finds the interpolated z value within the appropriate quadrant of the zmatrix.
Returns
The interpolated value or values. In the three-argument cases, the return object type matches the type of the first argument. In the four-argument case, the return object is a number.
See Also
Interpolate Function in the Scripting Guide
Is Associative Array(name)
Description
Returns 1 if the evaluated argument is an associative array, or 0 otherwise.
Is Empty(global)
Is Empty(dt)
Is Empty(col)
Description
Returns 1 if the global variable, data table, or data column is undefined or holds the Empty() value, or 0 otherwise.
See Also
Specific Element Types in the Scripting Guide
Is Expr(x)
Description
Returns 1 if the evaluated argument is an expression, or 0 otherwise.
Is List
Is Name(x)
Description
Returns 1 if the evaluated argument is a name, or 0 otherwise.
Is Namespace(namespace)
Description
Returns 1 if the namespace argument is a namespace; returns 0 otherwise.
Is Number(x)
Description
Returns 1 if the evaluated argument is a number or missing numeric value, or 0 otherwise.
Is Scriptable(x)
Description
Returns 1 if the evaluated argument is a scriptable object, or 0 otherwise.
See Also
Specific Element Types in the Scripting Guide
Is String(x)
Description
Returns 1 if the evaluated argument is a quoted string, or 0 otherwise.
Match(x, value1, result1, value2, result2, ..., resultElse)
Description
If a is equal to value1, then result1 is returned. If a is equal to value2, result2 is returned, and so on.
Notes
The Match() function explicitly checks to see if the compare expression x is missing and if the value of value1 is missing, then it returns the value of result1; otherwise it continues to compare the expression x to each valueN value in each valueN/resultN pair, ignoring any missing values. If the expression x is equal to any of the valueN value, then the corresponding resultN value is returned. If no matching valueN value is found, then the resultElse value is returned.
See Also
Match Function in the Scripting Guide
MatchMZ(x, value1, expr1, value2, expr2, ..., exprElse)
Description
Evaluates and returns the exprN argument that equals x or evaluates and returns the exprElse argument if no value equals x.
Notes
The MatchMZ() function works the same as the Match() function except that missing values are treated as 0.
Not(a)
!a
Description
The logical Not.
Returns
0 (false) if a!=0.
1 (true) if a=0.
Missing value if a is missing.
Argument
a
Any variable or number. The variable must have a numeric or matrix value.
Notes
Mostly used for conditional statements and loop control.
Or(a, b)
a|b
Description
The logical Or.
Returns
1 (true) if either of or both a and b are true.
0 (false) otherwise.
Missing if either are a or b are missing and the other is missing or 0.
Arguments
a, b
Any variable or number.
Notes
Mostly used for conditional statements and loop control.
OrMZ(a, b)
a:|b
Description
Returns the logical OR of all arguments with missing values treated as zeroes: 1 if any arguments are nonzero and 0 otherwise.
Returns
1 (true) if either of or both a and b are true.
0 (false) otherwise.
Arguments
a, b
Any variable or number.
Notes
– Mostly used for conditional statements and loop control.
– Or() returns missing if any evaluated argument is missing. OrMZ() returns 0 if any evaluated argument is missing.
Return(<expr1>, <expr2>, ..., <exprN>)
Description
Returns an expression value from a user-defined function.
Example
This example returns the evaluation of both expressions in the Return() function as a list. The Return() function can have more than one argument. If only one is present, then the value of the expression is returned. If more than one is present, then the values of all the expressions is returned in a list.
f = Function( {a, b},
Return( a - b, a + b )
);
{lo, hi} = f( 10, 1 );
Show( lo, hi );
Show( f( 7, 15 ) );
lo = 9;
hi = 11;
f(7, 15) = {-8, 22};
Notes
Return() not enclosed by a function, method, or recursive function call causes an error.
Step(x0, x1, y1, x2, y2, ...)
Step(x0, [x1, x2, ...], [y1, y2, ...])
Description
Returns the y argument corresponding to the largest x argument that is less than or equal to x0. The x points must be specified in ascending order.
See Also
Step Function in the Scripting Guide
Stop()
Description
Immediately stops a script that is running.
Transform Each(names, container, <Output(type)>, <locals>, body)
Description
Iterates over a container, which can be a list, an associative array, or a matrix, and updates each of the values in the container based on the evaluation of a JSL expression at each iteration. The value, key, or element, as well as the index number, are all available at each iteration. For associative array containers, the key and value can be accessed using a two-item list. For matrix containers, a linear index is provided by default, but a two-item list can be used to access the row and column indices. These symbols are provided within the body of the loop only. A list of local variables can also be provided. If local variables are defined, they are initialized after the first iteration symbols are set.
Returns
An updated version of the original container. The return object has the same type as the original container, unless the Output() keyword is used to designate a different type for the returned container.
Arguments
names
Specification of loop control variable names, specified as a list. The form of the list is determined by the type of container. All of the names are optional, so you need to specify them only if you need to refer to them in the locals or body arguments. If you do not specify any names, the first argument should be an empty list, which can be specified as {} or List().
For a list container, the names list contains a name for each value in the list and a name for the index of each value in the list.
For an associative array container, the names list contains a two-item list of names and a name for the index of each item in the associative array.
For a matrix container, the names list contains a name for each element in the matrix and a second argument for the index of each element in the matrix. The second argument can be specified as a single name or as a two-item list of names that represent symbols for the row and column indices.
When specifying multiple containers using the Across() keyword, the names list contains a list of names that refer to values in each container. The number of names in the first item in the names list must match the number of containers specified in the Across() keyword.
container
A list, associative array, or a matrix. The container can be defined in the argument or it can be a reference to a previously defined object.
This argument can also use the Across() keyword, which enables you to use the function across multiple containers. The multiple containers can be specified as separate arguments or as items in a list. The Across() keyword has an optional Count() argument that enables you to specify how containers of different sizes are handled. The available Count() options are: "Shortest", "Longest", "Enforce Equal", and N, where N is a number. If you specify a number, the function iterates through all containers exactly N times; note that the function loops back to the start of containers that have fewer than N items.
Output(type)
Specifies a type for the output. This can be "List", "Matrix", or "Associative Array". By default, the output type matches the type of the input container.
locals
A list of variables that are local to the function. This is equivalent to other Local variable initializations in JSL. The initialization of the local variables occurs after the first loop control variables have been set, but the local variables do not get initialized again after that.
body
Any number of valid JSL expressions, glued together if there are more than one. The result of the JSL expressions at each iteration is used in the output container. You can use the Continue() function to return no value for an iteration and skip to the next iteration. You can also use Break() function to stop iteration through the loop and proceed to the next expression that follows the loop. See Break and Continue Functions in the Scripting Guide.
Example
values = Transform Each( {x}, {10, 20}, x + 10 );
Show( values );
values = {20, 30};
While(expr, body)
Description
Repeatedly tests the expr condition and executes the body until the expr condition is no longer true.
See Also
While Function in the Scripting Guide
Zero Or Missing(expr)
Description
Returns 1 if expr yields a missing value or zero, 0 otherwise.