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About Tolerance Design
Tolerance Design is the investigation of how defect rates on the outputs can be controlled by controlling variability in the input factors.
The input factors have variation. Specification limits are used to tell the supplier of the input what range of values are acceptable. These input factors then go into a process producing outputs, and the customer of the outputs then judges if these outputs are within an acceptable range.
Sometimes, a Tolerance Design study shows that spec limits on input are unnecessarily tight, and loosening these limits results in cheaper product without a meaningful sacrifice in quality. In these cases, Tolerance Design can save money.
In other cases, a Tolerance Design study might find that either tighter limits or different targets result in higher quality. In all cases, it is valuable to learn which inputs the defect rate in the outputs are most sensitive to.
This graph shows the defect rate as a function of each factor as if it were a constant, but all the other factors varied according to their random specification. If there are multiple outputs with Spec Limits, then there is a defect rate curve color-coded for each output. A black curve shows the overall defect rate—this curve is above all the colored curves.
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Help created on 9/19/2017