Using the Matrix Stack

JMP 3-D scenes use a matrix stack to keep track of the current transform. The stack is initialized to the identity matrix, and each time a translate, rotate, or scale command is given, the top matrix on the stack is changed.

注意：Unlike many OpenGL implementations, JMP does not use a transposed matrix.

The JSL example below uses Push Matrix and Pop Matrix to position pieces of the toy top and then return to the origin. This is faster than using the Translate command a second time in reverse.

图 13.15 Drawing With a Matrix Stack

toyTop = Scene Display List();

toyTop << Push Matrix;

toyTop << Translate( 0, 0, .1 );

toyTop << Color( 1, 0, 0 ); // red

toyTop << Cylinder( 1, .2, .2, 25, 5 );

// baseRadius, topRadius, height, slices, stacks

toyTop << Pop Matrix;

toyTop << Push Matrix;

toyTop << Translate( 0, 0, -.1 );

toyTop << Rotate( 180, 1, 0, 0 );

toyTop << Color( 0, 1, 0 ); // green

toyTop << Cylinder( 1, .2, .2, 25, 5 );

toyTop << Pop Matrix;

toyTop << Color( 0, 0, 1 ); // blue

toyTop << Sphere( .5, 30, 30 ); // radius, slices, stacks

toyTop << Color( 1, 1, 0 ); // yellow

toyTop << Partial Disk( 1, 1.2, 25, 2, 0, 270 );

// innerRadius, outerRadius, slices, rings, startAngle, sweepAngle

toyTop << Push Matrix;

toyTop << Translate( 0, 0, -.1 );

toyTop << Color( 1, 0, 1 ); // magenta

toyTop << Cylinder( 1, 1, .2, 25, 3 );

// baseRadius, topRadius, height, slices, stacks

toyTop << Pop Matrix;

toyTop << Push Matrix;

toyTop << Rotate( 90, 1, 0, 0 );

toyTop << Translate( 0, .5, 0 );

toyTop << Color( 0, 1, 1 ); // cyan

toyTop << Text( "center", "baseline", .2, "Toy Top" );

toyTop << Pop Matrix;

scene = Scene Box( 600, 600 ); // make a scene box...holds an OpenGL scene

New Window( "Example 3", scene ); // put the scene in a window

scene << Perspective( 45, 3, 7 );

scene << Translate( 0.0, 0.0, -4.5 );

scene << Rotate( -85, 1, 0, 0 );

scene << Rotate( 65, 0, 0, 1 );

scene << Call List( toyTop );

scene << Update; // update the display box

There are some cases where you want to replace the current matrix on the stack. For these cases, use the Load Matrix command.

Load Matrix(m)

where m is a 4x4 JMP matrix that is loaded onto the current matrix stack.

Similar is the Mult Matrix command

Mult Matrix(m)

When the Mult Matrix command is issued, the matrix on the top of the current matrix stack is multiplied by m.

The following matrices perform some simple commands.

In the following rotation matrices, c = cos(angle) and s=sin(angle).

Rotation about x-axis:

Rotation about y-axis:

Rotation about z-axis:

For example, here are two equivalent (except for the translation being opposite) ways to translate and rotate a display list.

// first way uses matrix

gl << Push Matrix;

xt = Identity( 4 ); // translate this one left by .75

xt[1, 4] = -.75;

xr = Identity( 4 ); // rotate this one, cos needs radians, not degrees

xr[2, 2] = Cos( 3.14159 * a / 180 );

xr[2, 3] = -Sin( 3.14159 * a / 180 );

xr[3, 2] = Sin( 3.14159 * a / 180 );

xr[3, 3] = Cos( 3.14159 * a / 180 );

yr = Identity( 4 );

yr[1, 1] = Cos( 3.14159 * a / 180 );

yr[1, 3] = Sin( 3.14159 * a / 180 );

yr[3, 1] = -Sin( 3.14159 * a / 180 );

yr[3, 3] = Cos( 3.14159 * a / 180 );

zr = Identity( 4 );

zr[1, 1] = Cos( 3.14159 * a / 180 );

zr[1, 2] = -Sin( 3.14159 * a / 180 );

zr[2, 1] = Sin( 3.14159 * a / 180 );

zr[2, 2] = Cos( 3.14159 * a / 180 );

gl << Mult Matrix( xt * xr * yr * zr );

// order of multiplication matters with matrices

gl << Arcball( dl, 1 );

gl << Pop Matrix;

// second way uses functions

gl << Push Matrix;

gl << Translate( .75, 0, 0 ); // translate this one right by .75

gl << Rotate( a, 1, 0, 0 ); // rotate this one in degrees

gl << Rotate( a, 0, 1, 0 ); // order of operations also matters here

gl << Rotate( a, 0, 0, 1 );

gl << Arcball( dl, 1 );

gl << Pop Matrix;

It is not possible to read back the current transform matrix, because the matrix only exists while the display list is drawing, not while your JSL script is creating it. If you must know its content, create it in JSL and use Load Matrix to put it on the stack.