Lenth’s method (Lenth, 1989), known as the Lenth Pseudo Standard Error (PSE), constructs an estimate of the residual standard error using effects that appear to be inactive. Lenth’s PSE can be used to estimate the standard error for experiments where contrasts are independent and have a common variance.

If there are n rows, the platform constructs n - 1 contrasts. Denote these contrasts by , where i = 1, ... , n - 1.