Glossary

 

Definitions/Explanations of Terms Used in JMP Genomics Documentation
Term Definition/Explanation

Accession Number

Allele

Alpha

Alternative Hypothesis

Amino Acid

Analytical Procedure (AP)

ANCOVA

Annotation Data Set

ANOVA

AP

Association

In the context of a Genome-Wide Association Study (GWAS), mapping of a Gene for a particular Trait or disease is performed by detecting significant associations between the trait and marker Genotype.

AUC

Autosome

Bar Chart

Base

BCPNN

Beta

Bin

Binary Trait

Binary Trait Locus (BTL)

Binary Variable

Binomial Regression

Bioinformatics

Bivariate

Bootstrap

Box Plot

Bubble Plot

BY Group

BY Variable

Cell

Cell Plot

Censor Variable(s)

CentiMorgan (cM)

Character Variable

Chart

Check Box

Chi-square Test

Cholesky Decomposition

Chromosome

Class Variable

Clustering

Cochran-Mantel-Haenszel Test

Color Variable

Composite Interval Mapping (CIM)

Conditional Probability

Contingency Plot

Contingency Table

Continuous Trait

Copy Number Variation (CNV)

Correlation

Correlation Coefficient

Covariance

Covariate

Cox Proportional Hazards Model

Cross Validation

CSV

Deletion

Delimiter

Dendrogram

Dependent Variable

Deviance Residual

Dialog

Dichotomous Trait

Distance Matrix

Distribution

DNA

Dot Product

Double False Discovery Rate (FDR) Adjustment

Drill Down

Ecosystem

EDDS

EDF

Eigenvalue

Eigenvector

Electrocardiogram (EG)

Environment

ESTIMATE Statement

Euclidean Distance

Exon

Experimental Design Data Set (EDDS)

An EDDS is required by most processes using a tall input data set. Many of the input engines that generate a tall data set from raw data files also automatically generate the needed EDDS.

Experimental Design File (EDF)

An EDF is required by many of the input engines for the construction of a SAS data set from the raw data files. An EDF also serves as a precursor to the Experimental Design Data Set (EDDS).

Expression

Extensible Markup Language (XML)

Factor

False Discovery Rate (FDR)

Familywise Error Rate (FWER)

FASTA Format

FASTQ Format

Field

Fisher’s Exact Test

Fixed Effects

Forest Plot

Gaussian Graphical Models

Gene

Genetic Distance

Genetic Pathway

Genome

Genome-Wide Association Study (GWAS)

Genomics

Genotype

Grid Computing

Group Variable

Haplotype

Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium

Heat Map

Hemizygous

Heterozygous

Hepatotoxicity

Hierarchical Clustering

Holdout Data

Hoeffding Correlation (D)

Homozygous

Hotelling T-squared Test

htSNP

HyperText Markup Language (HTML)

Hypothesis Test

Identical by Descent (IBD)

Identical by State (IBS)

Identical by Type (IBT)

Imputation

Inbreeding Coefficient

Independent Variable

Index Variable

Insertion

Interval Mapping (IM)

Intron

Jitter

JMP Scripting Language (JSL)

Journal

JSL

K Matrix

K_Rho

Kaplan-Meier Survival Curve

Kendall Correlation

Kinship (Coancestry) Coefficient

K-Means Clustering

Label Variable

Leaf

Learning Curve

Level

Linkage

Linkage Disequilibrium (LD)

Note: A high LD does not imply that loci are physically linked.

An association (either positive or negative) between allels can occur even if the loci are not located on the same chromosome, provided other factors affecting the Population (directional selection, for example) are in effect.

Locus

Lod Score

Loess Normalization

Log-rank Test

Logistic Function

Logistic Regression

Logit Function

Log-odds

Loss of Heterozygosity (LOH)

LSMeans

MA Plot

Macro

Mahalanobis Distance

Main Effect

Major Allele

MANCOVA

Manhattan Plot

MANOVA

Marker Variable

Mean

Median

Menu Bar

Metadata

MGPS

Microarray

Minor Allele

Missing Value

Mixed Model

Mode

Model

Modus Tollens

1. If P, then Q.

2. Not Q.

3. Therefore, not P.

Monophyletic

Mosaic Plot

Mutation

Nominal Variable

Normalization

1. The division of more than one data set by a shared Variable to remove the effects of that variable from the data. By bringing the data to a common scale, data originating from different scales can be properly compared.

2. The isolation of statistical error in repeated measures data.

3. The adjustment of experimental data to remove variation from background noise and account for differences from technical artifacts (for example, assay or Microarray chip-specific differences)

Nucleic Acid

Nucleotide

Nucleus

Null Hypothesis

Numeric Variable

Observation

One-way ANOVA

One-way Plot

One-way Repeated Measures ANOVA

Operand

Operator

Optimistic Bias

Ordinal Variable

Organ

Organelle

Organism

Overfit

Overlay Plot

Parallel Plot

Partial Least Squares (PLS)

PCTL

Pearson Correlation

Pedigree

Penalized Logistic Regression (PLR)

Percentile

- 25th percentile = first quartile = Q1

- 50th percentile = second quartile = median = Q2

- 75th percentile = third quartile = Q3

Phenotype

Physical Distance

Plain Text Format

Pleiotropy

Population

Population Stratification

Portable Document Format (.pdf)

Posterior Probability

Power

Preamble

Predictor

Predictor Class Variable

Predictor Continuous Variable

Predictive Model

Principal Components

Principal Components Analysis Plot

Prior Probability

Probe

Probe Intensity

Probe Set (Probeset)

PROC

Process

Protein

Proxy Server

PRR

Pull-down Menu

p-Value

Q Matrix

Quantile

Quantitative Trait

Quantitative Trait Locus (QTL)

Radial Basis Function (RBF)

Radial Basis Machine (RBM)

Random Effects

Random Number Seed

Receiver Operator Characteristics (ROC) Curves

Regression Analysis

Reliability Diagram

Residual

Rho

Rich Text Format (.rtf)

RNA

Root Mean Square Error (RMSE)

ROR

Sample Size

SAS Data Set

SAS Log

SAS Transport File

SAS Variable Label

SAS Variable Name

Scatterplot

Scree Plot

Segmentation Summary Plot

Sensitivity

Settings File

Sex Chromosome

Shift Plot

Sib-pair Analysis

Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNP)

Singular Value Decomposition

Smoothing Bandwidth

SNP

Spearman Correlation

Species

- A group of Organisms capable of interbreeding, resulting in fertile offspring.

- A group of Organisms belonging to the same taxonomic rank by means of an arbitrarily sufficient similarity in morphology, ecological niche, or genomic content.

Specificity

Square Data Set

Stacked Data Set

Standard Deviation

Standard Error

Standardization

- Transformation of a data set to have zero Mean and unit Variance.

- Making all regression coefficients have the same scale.

- Normalization.

Standardized Residual Plots

Statistic

Strata Variable

Support Vector Machine (SVM)

Survival Curves

Tag SNP

Tall Data Set

Target

Tau Value

Test Data Set

Test Statistic

Tissue

Transcript

Transmission Disequilibrium Test (TDT)

Training Data Set

Trait

Transcript Cluster

Transformation

Tree

Tree Map

Truncated Product Method (TPM)

t-statistic

t-test

If only one Variable is chosen (one-sample t-test), the null hypothesis is that “the population mean is equal to the given mean”.

Type I Error

Type II Error

Variable

Variance

Venn Diagram

Vital Signs (VS)

Volcano Plot

WHERE Clause

Wide Data Set

Wilcoxon Signed-rank Test

Wizard

Workflow

XML